Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) causes children to have difficulty paying attention in school or at home, have impulsive behavior, or have a hard time sitting still. While all children may show signs of inattention, distractibility, impulsivity, or hyperactivity at times, a child with ADHD shows these signs more frequently and severely than other children of the same age or developmental level.

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You may notice that your child is misbehaving or acting differently than other children, but you may not know exactly what is wrong. This is a common feeling among parents with children who are later diagnosed with ADHD.
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Roughly 11 out of 100 children aged 3 to 17 have ADHD, but fewer than that have been diagnosed and treated.

Signs and Symptoms

Typical signs and symptoms of ADHD include:

  • Trouble paying attention
  • Making careless mistakes and not paying attention to details
  • Easily distracted
  • Losing things and often forgetful in homework
  • Trouble finishing class work and homework
  • Trouble listening
  • Trouble following multi-step requests or
    instructions
  • Blurting out answers
  • Impatience
  • Fidgeting or squirming
  • Leaving seat and running about or climbing excessively
  • Seeming “on the go”
  • Talking too much and difficulty playing quietly
  • Interrupting or intruding on others
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Treatment

ADHD can be medically treated by a pediatrician, a developmental behavioral pediatrician, a neurologist, a child and adolescent psychiatrist or an advanced practice registered nurse. 

A child who is diagnosed with ADHD and receives appropriate treatment can live a productive and successful life. While the first line treatment for ADHD is medication, it can also include parent management training and psychoeducation. When children also have a co-existing diagnosis, they may need psychotherapy, as well. 

If ADHD is affecting the child’s ability to learn, adjustments may need to be made in their education program. 

ADHD and ADD

These two diagnoses are often lumped together because they are very similar. ADD (Attention Deficit Disorder) is like ADHD, without the “H” which stands for Hyperactivity. Children diagnosed with ADD have symptoms of inattention and distractibility, without the impulsivity and hyperactivity that characterize children with ADHD. Children with ADD tend to be quieter. Their minds may be constantly “on the move”, but they may not show it. Instead, they tend to daydream more. Because the child’s behavior is oftentimes less disruptive, ADD is often a difficult diagnosis to make. ADD tends to be more common in girls.

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